Webinar Wednesday: Breast Health Information: Inform, Engage, Empower

Join Susan G. Komen® as we kick off National Breast Cancer Awareness Month (#NBCAM) with the first of many informative & impactful webinars over the next few weeks:

Breast Health Information: Inform, Engage, Empower

1130AM CT to 1230PM CT | 10.01.2014
Presented by Amberlea Childs | Susan G. Komen Southeast Wisconsin Affiliate

Register here: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/1382581257451599873

Hosted by the North Central Region of Susan G. Komen

This webinar will be a conversational style discussion about family history, personal risk, breast screening recommendations, breast cancer signs and symptoms, and making healthy lifestyle choices. Participants will leave feeling empowered to be an active participant in their own health!

Presenter Amberlea Childs manages the Kohl’s Conversation for a Cure Program for Komen Southeast Wisconsin. The goals of this program are to educate the community on the importance of breast health and to encourage women to take action by getting lifesaving breast cancer screenings (ie. clinical breast exams, mammograms).

Mrs. Amberlea Childs

Mrs. Childs oversees Susan G. Komen’s – Kohl’s Conversations for the Cure, a breast health education and screening program in Southeast Wisconsin. In addition to recruiting and training the volunteer pool of diverse community health workers, Amberlea is also a breast health educator and has been talking and teaching breast health for over 10 years. First trained as a Triple Touch Trainer through the American Cancer Society and now a 3-year breast cancer survivor herself, she knows firsthand the value of screening and advocates for women to take action and become an active participant in their health.

Mrs. Childs founded a breast cancer educational non-profit, Viva Las Chicas in St. Petersburg, FL and currently serves on the Board of Directors.  She is an active member in many breast cancer groups and coalitions nationally and statewide.  Additionally, Mrs. Childs was diagnosed with breast cancer while having no health insurance and continues to advocate that just because a woman doesn't have health insurance doesn't mean she should have to forego on her healthcare. Mrs. Childs has a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from University of South Florida.

 

 

Breast Cancer Education: Breast Biopsy

Not all breast cancers are the same. A biopsy is needed in order to diagnose breast cancer. Once biopsied, cells are sent to a lab for a pathology report. The following information will usually be available on this report if the cells studied are cancerous:

• Diagnosis: This is the most important part of the pathology report. It gives the final diagnosis and may include information on the cancer such as tumor size, type, grade, etc.
• Tumor Size: Tumor size is most often reported in centimeters. In general, the smaller the tumor the size, the better the prognosis.
• Non Invasive vs. Invasive: Status will be on the report.
• Tumor Grade: For invasive tumors, the shape is noted and a grade is assigned. Tumor grade relates to the structure of the cells. It is different from tumor stage. This determines how different the cancer cells look from healthy cells.
• Grade 1: Cells look most similar to normal and are not growing rapidly.
• Grade 2: Cells look somewhat different than normal.
• Grade 3: Cells look irregular and may be spreading/growing aggressively.
• Tumor Margins: An area of normal breast tissue around the suspicious area will be taken out to be sure the entire tumor is removed. A report will show positive, close, or negative margins.
• Positive: Margins contain cancer cells.
• Close: Cancer Cells approach but do not touch the edge of the biopsy.
• Negative: The margins do not contain cancer cells
• Lymph Node Status: If lymph nodes were removed a pathology report will show if the lymph nodes contain cancer cells.
• Hormone Receptor Status: Hormone receptors are proteins found inside some cancer cells. When hormones attach to these receptors, they make cancer cells grow. Knowing the hormone receptor status will help guide your treatment.
• Estrogen and Progesterone Receptive-positive (ER+ and PR+) tumors have many hormone receptors.
• Estrogen and Progesterone Receptive-negative (ER- and PR-) tumors have few or no hormone receptors.
• HER2/neu Status: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 is a protein that occurs on the surface of some breast cancer cells. About 15-20 percent of breast cancers are Her2+. These breast cancers tend to be more aggressive than other tumors.
• HER2/neu-positive (HER2+) tumors have many HER2/neu genes inside the cancer cells (also called HER2/neu over-expression), which causes a large amount of HER2/neu protein on the surface of the cancer cells
• HER2/neu-negative (HER2-) tumors have few HER2/neu genes inside the cancer cells and little or no HER2/neu protein on the surface of the cancer cells
• Triple Negative: If all three statuses are negative (ER, PR, and HER2/Neu) then the patient’s cancer is Triple Negative Breast Cancer. The current standard of treatment for these cancers is limited to chemotherapy. These cancers tend to be very aggressive and reoccur early.

Learn more about breast biopsies: http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/Biopsies.html

Learn more about types of breast cancer tumors: http://ww5.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-369.pdf

 

 

 

 

 

 

Breast Cancer Education: Know Your Normal

Knowing your normal could save your life. The warning signs of breast cancer are not the same for all women. The most common symptoms are a change in the look or feel of the breast, nipple or nipple discharge. Try to know what is normal for your breast and nipple go see a health provider if you notice any of these breast changes:

• Lump, hard knot or thickening inside the breast or underarm area
• Swelling, warmth, redness or darkening of the breast
• Change in the size or shape of the breast
• Dimpling or puckering of the skin
• Itchy, scaly sore or rash on the nipple
• Pulling in of your nipple or other parts of the breast
• Nipple discharge that starts suddenly
• New pain in one spot that doesn't go away

In most cases, the changes are not cancerous. However, the only way to be sure is to see a health care provider. If you have breast cancer, the survival rate is highest if found in the early stages. It is important to remember that each person’s breasts are different. So, some women may find that their breasts feel lumpy all the time. This can be due to the natural bumpy texture of breast tissue. If the lumpy texture can be felt throughout the whole breast and the breasts feel like each other, then it is likely normal breast tissue. However, if the lumps feel harder or different in one section of the breast or one breast compared to the other breast, it should be checked out. This type of lump could be breast cancer or a benign breast condition.

If you notice any of the following changes, see a health care provider:

• Find a new lump (or any change) that feels different from the rest of your breast
• Find a new lump (or any change) that feels different from your other breast
• Feel something that is different from what you felt before

Nipple discharge is another change that can be uncomfortable, but is rarely cancer. The discharge could be the body’s natural reaction to the nipple being squeezed. If you notice nipple discharge that is any of the following see a health provider:

• Occurs without squeezing the nipple
• Is bloody or clear (not milky)

While nipple discharge is rarely cancer, it can be the sign of an infection or other condition that needs treatment. See a health care provider if you have any nipple discharge.

See the top 8 breast cancer warning signs at http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/WarningSigns.html

 

Breast Cancer Education: Genetic Testing

Family history and some inherited genetic mutations affect breast cancer risk in both men and women. Having an immediate family member (a parent, sibling or child) with a history of breast cancer increases your own risk of breast cancer. You should know, however, that genetic mutations linked to breast cancer are rare. Not all men and women with a family history of breast cancer are likely to have a genetic mutation. Only five to 10 percent of breast cancers in the U.S. are linked to an inherited genetic mutation.

Mutations are changes in the genetic code of a gene that affect its function. Inherited gene mutations can be passed on from a parent to a child. Some inherited gene mutations increase breast cancer risk. Genetic testing gives people the chance to learn if their family history of breast cancer is likely due to an inherited gene mutation.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer genes 1 and 2) are the best-known genes linked to breast cancer.

People who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation have a greatly increased risk of breast cancer and (for women) ovarian cancer. Although genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 is widely advertised, testing is only recommended for certain people, including those with:

• A personal history of breast cancer at age 50 or younger
• A personal history of triple negative breast cancer (breast cancer that is estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative and HER2/neu receptor-negative)
• A personal or family history of male breast cancer
• A personal or family history of bilateral breast cancer (cancer in both breasts)
• A personal history of ovarian cancer
• A parent, sibling, child, grandparent, grandchild, uncle, aunt, nephew, niece or first cousin diagnosed with breast cancer at age 45 or younger
• A mother, sister, daughter, grandmother, granddaughter, aunt, niece or first cousin diagnosed with ovarian cancer
• A family history of both breast and ovarian cancers on the same side of the family (either mother's or father's side of the family)
• Ashkenazi Jewish heritage and a family history of breast or ovarian cancer

There is only a very small chance that your family carries a BRCA1/2 mutation if:

• You or an immediate family member is the only person in your family with breast cancer
• The breast cancers in your family all occurred at older ages

In most cases, genetic testing is not recommended when there is a low chance of finding a mutation. Remember that most breast cancers are not due to a BRCA1/2 mutation. Although BRCA1/2 testing is a simple blood test, the risks and benefits should be considered before testing. There are potential physical, emotional and financial impacts of knowing your genetic status. Thus, testing for the BRCA1/2 mutation is recommended only for people who fall into one of the categories listed above.

A health care provider or genetic counselor can talk with you about genetic testing issues. For more information on genetic counseling, visit the National Cancer Institute’s website (or call its hotline at 1-800-4-CANCER) or visit the National Society of Genetic Counselors’ website.

For more information on inherited gene mutations, visit: http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/

GeneMutationsampGeneticTesting.html
 

Learn more: http://ww5.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-371a.pdf

Breast Cancer Education: Mammograms

Mammography is a screening tool that uses X-rays to create images of the breast. These images, called mammograms, are used to find early signs of breast cancer such as a dense mass or clusters of calcium.

Mammography is the best screening tool for breast cancer used today. It can find cancers at an early stage, when they are small (too small to be felt) and the chances of survival are highest.

X-ray images of the breast can be captured on film or stored directly onto a computer (digital). Film and digital mammography are similar in their ability to detect breast cancer. Because digital images are viewed on a computer, they can be lightened or darkened, and certain sections can be enlarged and looked at more closely. This ability to control the images on a computer makes digital mammography more accurate than film mammography for some women. And, because the images are stored on a computer, they can be shared more easily with another radiologist for review.

Guidelines for people at average risk vary. Most major cancer organizations, including Susan G. Komen, recommend that mammograms begin at age 40 for women who are at average risk for breast cancer.

Women who are at a higher risk for breast cancer should speak with their doctor about their personal screening recommendations. Some women ages 70 and older stop regular screening. Susan G. Komen recommends that women who are in good health and could benefit from treatment (if breast cancer were found) should continue to get mammograms.

At any age, if there is any question about whether you should have a mammogram, talk to your health care provider.

Learn more: http://ww5.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-375.pdf

Breast Cancer Education: Clinical Breast Exam

A clinical breast exam (CBE) is a physical exam done by a health care provider as part of your regular medical check-up. Your provider should carefully feel your breasts and underarms for any changes or abnormalities (such as a lump). He/she should visually check your breasts while you are sitting up and physically examine your breasts while you are lying down. It is important to ask for a CBE if one is not offered at your check-up.

If you are 20-39 years, have a CBE at least every three years. If you are 40 or older, have your mammogram close to the time of your CBE. In women ages 40 and older, CBE combined with mammography may find more cancers than mammography alone. When used together at yearly check-ups, fewer breast cancers are missed. However, whereas CBE is an important complement to mammography, it is not a substitute for mammograms in women 40 and older.

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends that men at higher risk for breast cancer have a clinical breast exam every six to 12 months, starting at age 35.

Learn more: http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/ClinicalBreastExam.html

Breast Cancer Education: What is Breast Cancer?

In a healthy body, natural systems control the creation, growth and death of cells. Most of the time cells divide and grow in an orderly manner. But sometimes cells grow out of control. This kind of growth of cells forms a mass or lump called a tumor. Tumors are either benign or malignant. Benign tumors are not cancerous. The cells of a benign tumor do not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors are cancerous. These tumor cells can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. A malignant tumor that develops in the breast is called breast cancer.

Tumors in the breast tend to grow slowly. By the time a lump is large enough to feel, it may have been growing for as long as 10 years. However some tumors are aggressive and grow much faster. Cells can grow out of control before any symptoms of the disease appear. That is why breast cancer screening to find early changes is so important. If breast cancer is found early, there are more treatment options and a greater chance of survival.

Between 50 and 75 percent of breast cancers begin in the milk ducts (a canal that carries milk from the lobules to a nipple opening during breastfeeding) and 10 to 15 percent begin in the lobules (spherical-shaped sacs in the breast that produce milk).

It is important to understand the differences between invasive breast cancer and non-invasive breast cancer, called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). These differences affect treatment and prognosis.

• Non-invasive breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow inside the milk ducts.
• Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) occurs when abnormal cells grow inside the milk ducts but have not spread to nearby tissue or beyond. The term "in situ" means "in place." With DCIS, the abnormal cells are still "in place" inside the ducts. DCIS is a non-invasive breast cancer (you may also hear the term “pre-invasive breast carcinoma”). Although the abnormal cells have not spread to tissues outside the ducts, they can develop into invasive breast cancer.
• Invasive breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells from inside the milk ducts or lobules break out into nearby breast tissue. Cancer cells can travel from the breast to other parts of the body through the blood stream or the lymphatic system (a network of lymph nodes and vessels throughout the body). They may travel early in the process when the tumor is small or later when the tumor is large. The lymph nodes (small clumps of immune cells that act as filters for the lymphatic system) in the underarm area (the axillary lymph nodes) are the first place breast cancer is likely to spread.
• Metastatic breast cancer is breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast to other organs in the body (most often the bones, lungs, liver or brain). Although metastatic breast cancer has spread to another part of the body, it is considered and treated as breast cancer. For example, breast cancer that has spread to the bones is still breast cancer (not bone cancer) and is treated with breast cancer drugs, rather than treatments for a cancer that began in the bones.

 

Learn more: http://ww5.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-368a.pdf

Understanding Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Alcohol Use

No one should drink a lot of alcohol. Drinking more than one drink per day (for women) and more than two drinks per day (for men) has no health benefits and many serious health risks, including breast cancer.

• Research shows that women who had two to three alcoholic drinks per day had a 20 percent higher risk of breast cancer compared to women who didn’t drink alcohol.
• Estrogen levels are higher in women who drink alcohol than in non-drinkers, which may increase the risk of breast cancer.
• Drinking alcohol can reduce blood levels of the vitamin folic acid. Low levels of folic acid may make it more likely errors occur when cells divide, which can cause cells to become cancerous.
• Drinking in moderation has some health benefits like lowering the risks of heart disease, high blood pressure and death. It is important to note that drinking excessive alcohol has no health benefits, only health risks.

Learn more: http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/DrinkingAlcohol.html

Understanding Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Questions to Ask Your Doctor

No one knows more about your body than you do – not your partner, not your parents, not even your doctor. So when you talk with any health care provider about your health, remember that you have valuable information to share. You know about changes in your body and about any problems you may be having. Share that information. Open and honest communication between you and your doctor is one of the best ways to make sure you get the care you deserve.
To get the most out of each doctor’s visit, try following these guidelines:

1. Be prepared. It is often helpful to gather information about your health concerns — from the library (books and medical journals), trusted Internet sites, etc. The more you know, the more comfortable you will be talking to your doctor.

2. Organize your questions ahead of time. You should be able to talk openly and honestly with your doctor about breast health and breast cancer to make sure all of your questions are answered. To help you get started, Susan G. Komen® has series of 17 Questions to Ask the Doctor topic cards on a variety of breast cancer issues. Each card contains important questions to discuss with your doctor. Space is provided for you to jot down the answers. Also, be sure to bring a voice recorder to capture your conversation so you can refer back to your doctor’s responses. These questions will help your doctor understand and address your specific concerns. You can download and print these cards to take to your next doctor’s appointment at www.komen.org/questions.
3. Tell your story. When your doctor comes in, ask if you can take a few minutes to briefly explain your situation and concerns. Be as specific as you can. Then give the doctor your list of questions and ask them.
4. Give feedback. If your doctor’s responses were helpful, say so. This kind of feedback will encourage your doctor to talk with you, listen to you and continue to help you. Doctors are just like anyone else; they want to do their job well. That means doing whatever they can to help you stay healthy or to get better. Remember, although doctors may know a great deal about breast health and breast cancer, they may not truly understand or be aware of all that you are going through. You can help your doctor help you by sharing your feelings and concerns.

Having a positive relationship with your doctor can improve your chances of successful treatment and recovery.

Learn more: http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/QuestionstoAsktheDoctorPDFDownloads.html?ecid=vanityurl:57

Understanding Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Menopausal Hormone Use

In the past, many women used menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) to relieve hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause. But studies show that use of estrogen plus progestin increases the risk of both developing and dying from breast cancer. Although MHT is approved for the short-term relief of menopausal symptoms, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends women use only the lowest dose that eases symptoms for the shortest time needed.
When women take these hormones, their risk of having an abnormal mammogram increases within the first year of use and their risk of breast cancer increases within the first five years of use. The risk of breast cancer goes up slightly each year a woman takes estrogen plus progestin. One large study found women who use estrogen plus progestin for five or more years (and are still taking it) more than double their breast cancer risk.
When women stop taking MHT, the risk of breast cancer starts to decline. After about five to 10 years, the risk returns to that of a woman who has never used MHT.

Learn more:  http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/PostmenopausalHormoneUse.html

Understanding Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Exercise

Let’s get moving and be physically active! Exercise can help with weight control. For postmenopausal women, being lean lowers the risk of breast cancer. And physical activity may lower estrogen levels in all women, which can also protect against breast cancer. Physical activity may also boost the body’s immune system so that it can help kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.

• Activity equal to walking 30 minutes a day may lower risk by about three percent.
• For breast cancer survivors, activity equal to a 30-minute brisk walk several times a week leads to lower recurrence rates and death from breast cancer.
• Being active is good for your health, but it can be hard to find time to exercise. Do whatever activities you enjoy most (for example, dancing or gardening) that get you moving.

Learn more: http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/LackofExercise.html

Understanding Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Diet/Nutrition

Some factors that increase the risk to developing breast cancer, like being a woman and getting older, are not things you can change. But other factors, like maintaining a healthy weight and eating right, may help lower your chances of getting breast cancer.

• Eat at least 2 ½ cups of fruits and vegetables every day. Recent studies showed that those who ate the most fruit had a slightly lower risk compared to those who ate the least fruit, and that eating vegetables may slightly lower the risk of estrogen receptor-negative cancers.
• Choose 100 percent whole grain foods (like 100 percent whole grain breads and cereals, brown rice, popcorn and quinoa) more often. 
• Limit red meat and processed meat (choose chicken, fish or beans instead).
• Cut down on "bad" fats (saturated and trans fats), and eat more "good" fats (polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, like olive and canola oil).

Learn more:  http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/HealthyBehaviorsampRisk.html

Understanding Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Personal Health History

Understanding what factors in your personal health history might affect your risk can help you work with your health care provider to address any concerns you may have and develop a breast cancer screening plan that is right for you.

• High bone density, age at first period, age at menopause, using birth control pills, and menopausal hormone use all are linked to blood estrogen levels which can impact breast cancer risk.
• Women who have had ovarian cancer appear to have an increased risk of breast cancer. 
• Women who have an inherited mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have an increased risk of both breast and ovarian cancer.
• Breast cancer survivors have an increased risk of getting a new breast cancer. If the first breast cancer was hormone receptor-negative, the risk may be higher compared to those survivors whose first breast cancer was hormone receptor-positive.
• Having a history of Hodgkin's disease in childhood or early adulthood increases breast cancer risk about 15 to 25 times.

Learn more:  http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/UncontrollableRiskFactors.html

Understanding Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Family History

While most people diagnosed with breast cancer do not have a family history of the disease, a family history of certain types of cancer can increase your risk of breast cancer. This increased risk may be due to genetic factors (known and unknown), shared lifestyle factors or other family traits.

• Women who have a sister or mother who was diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50 have almost twice the risk of women with no family history.
• A history of prostate cancer in a father or brother may also increase a woman's risk of breast cancer, especially if the prostate cancer was found at a young age.

Breast cancer screening for women at higher risk

There are special breast cancer screening guidelines for some women at higher risk. If you have a higher risk of breast cancer, talk with your health care provider about which screening options are right for you. You may need to be screened earlier and/or more often. Additionally, if you have a higher risk of breast cancer, there are some options to help lower your risk including:

• Taking risk-lowering drugs (tamoxifen or raloxifene).
• Having preventive surgery (prophylactic mastectomy or prophylactic oophorectomy).
• Such decisions should only be made after talking with your health care provider.

 
Learn more: http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/FamilyHistoryofBreastOvarianorProstateCancer.html